2016 QUARTER 02

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W

Describe computational intelligence methods that may apply to GIS&T
Exemplify the potential for machine learning to expand performance of specialized geospatial analysis functions
Identify artificial intelligence tools that may be useful for GIS&T
Describe a hypothesis space that includes searches for optimality of solutions within that space

Explain how the concept “digital cartographic models” unifies a number of principles for computer cartography
Identify areas in cartography and visualization that have, and those that have not, advanced because of computational approaches
Explain how the rise of interoperability and open standards has affected the production of cartographic representations and visualizations
Explain how optimization techniques are improving the automated design of maps
Describe the structure and function of geographic names databases (i.e., gazetteer) for use in mapping
Differentiate between GIS and graphics software tools for mapping and those for visualization purposes

Use CASE tools to design geospatial software
Evaluate available CASE tools for their appropriateness for a given development task

Define entities and relationships as used in conceptual data models
Create a conceptual model diagram of data needed in a geospatial application or enterprise database
Design application-specific conceptual models
Deconstruct an application use case into conceptual components
Explain the objectives of the conceptual modeling phase of design
Describe the degree to which attributes need to be modeled in the conceptual modeling phase

Differentiate between a controlled vocabulary and an ontology
Describe a domain ontology or vocabulary (i.e., land use classification systems, surveyor codes, data dictionaries, place names, or benthic habitat classification system)
Describe how a domain ontology or vocabulary facilitates data sharing
Define “thesaurus” as it pertains to geospatial metadata
Describe the primary focus of the following content standards: FGDC, Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, and ISO 19115
Differentiate between a content standard and a profile
Describe some of the profiles created for the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM)

Differentiate “contracts for service” from “contracts of service”
Discuss potential legal problems associated with licensing geospatial information
Identify the liability implications associated with contracts

Cite appropriate applications of several coordinate transformation techniques (e.g., affine, similarity, Molodenski, Helmert)
Describe the impact of map projection transformation on raster and vector data
Differentiate between polynomial coordinate transformations (including linear) and rubbersheeting

Discuss the current state-of-the-art of the coupling of scientific models and simulations with GIS
Design a modeling procedure to integrate a spatial arrangement constraint for a mathematical optimization model

Collaborate effectively with colleagues of differing social backgrounds in developing balanced GIS applications
Describe the ways in which the elements of culture (e.g., language, religion, education, traditions) may influence the understanding and use of geographic information
Recognize the impact of one’s social background on one’s own geographic worldview and perceptions and how it influences one’s use of GIS

Discuss advantages and disadvantages of various data classification methods for choropleth mapping, including equal interval, quantiles, mean-standard deviation, natural breaks, and “optimal” methods
Explain why the reduction of map scale sometimes results in the need for mapped features to be reduced in size and moved
Identify mapping tasks that require each of the following: smoothing, aggregation, simplification, and displacement
Illustrate specific examples of feature elimination and simplification suited to mapping at smaller scales
Demonstrate how different classification schemes produce very different maps from a single set of interval- or ratio-level data
Apply appropriate selection criteria to change the display of map data to a smaller scale
Write algorithms to perform equal interval, quantiles, mean-standard deviation, natural breaks, and “optimal” classification for choropleth mapping
Discuss the limitations of current technological approaches to generalization for mapping purposes
Explain how generalization of one data theme can and must be reflected across multiple themes (e.g., if the river moves, the boundary, roads and towns also need to move)
Explain how the decisions for selection and generalization are made with regard to symbolization in mapping

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