2018 QUARTER 01

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W

DM-07 - The raster model

Define basic terms used in the raster data model (e.g., cell, row, column, value)
Write a program to read and write a raster data file
Compare and contrast the raster with other types of regular tessellations for geographic data analysis
Compare and contrast the raster with other types of regular tessellations for geographic data storage
Interpret the header of a standard raster data file
Explain how the raster data model instantiates a grid representation

DM-12 - The spaghetti model

Identify a widely-used example of the spaghetti model (e.g., AutoCAD DWF, ESRI shapefile)
Write a program to read and write a vector data file using a common published format
Explain the conditions under which the spaghetti model is useful
Explain how the spaghetti data model embodies an object-based view of the world
Describe how geometric primitives are implemented in the spaghetti model as independent objects without topology

DM-13 - The topological model

Define terms related to topology (e.g., adjacency, connectivity, overlap, intersect, logical consistency)
Describe the integrity constraints of integrated topological models (e.g., POLYVRT)
Discuss the historical roots of the Census Bureau’s creation of GBF/DIME as the foundation for the development of topological data structures
Explain why integrated topological models have lost favor in commercial GIS software
Evaluate the positive and negative impacts of the shift from integrated topological models
Discuss the role of graph theory in topological structures
Exemplify the concept of planar enforcement (e.g., TIN triangles)
Demonstrate how a topological structure can be represented in a relational database structure
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of topological data models
Illustrate a topological relation

DM-10 - The Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) model

Describe how to generate a unique TIN solution using Delaunay triangulation
Describe the architecture of the TIN model
Construct a TIN manually from a set of spot elevations
Delineate a set of break lines that improve the accuracy of a TIN
Describe the conditions under which a TIN might be more practical than GRID
Demonstrate the use of the TIN model for different statistical surfaces (e.g., terrain elevation, population density, disease incidence) in a GIS software application

FC-27 - Thematic accuracy

Explain the distinction between thematic accuracy, geometric accuracy, and topological fidelity
Outline the SDTS and ISO TC211 standards for thematic accuracy
Discuss how measures of spatial autocorrelation may be used to evaluate thematic accuracy
Describe the component measures and the utility of a misclassification matrix
Describe the different measurement levels on which thematic accuracy is based

AM-86 - Theory of error propagation

Describe stochastic error models
Exemplify stochastic error models used in GIScience

FC-08 - Time

Differentiate between mathematical and phenomenological theories of the nature of time
Recognize the role that time plays in “static” GISystems
Compare and contrast models of a given spatial process using continuous and discrete perspectives of time
Select the temporal elements of geographic phenomena that need to be represented in particular GIS applications
Exemplify different temporal frames of reference: linear and cyclical, absolute and relative

DM-28 - Topological relationships

Define various terms used to describe topological relationships, such as disjoint, overlap, within, and intersect
List the possible topological relationships between entities in space (e.g., 9-intersection) and time
Use methods that analyze topological relationships
Recognize the contributions of topology (the branch of mathematics) to the study of geographic relationships
Describe geographic phenomena in terms of their topological relationships in space and time to other phenomena

The selection of appropriate type on maps, far from an arbitrary design decision, is an integral part of establishing the content and tone of the map. Typefaces have personalities, which contribute to the rhetorical message of the map. It is important to understand how to assess typefaces for their personalities, but also to understand which typefaces may be more or less legible in a labeling context. Beyond the choice of typeface, effective map labels will have a visual hierarchy and allow the user to easily associate labels to their features and feature types. The cartographer must understand and modify typographic visual variables to support both the hierarchy and label-feature associations.