2018 QUARTER 01

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W

Develop a plan to provide user support to aid in the implementation process
Illustrate how the failure of successfully engaging user support can affect the outcome of a GIS implementation project

Describe the baseline expectations that a particular map makes of its audience
Compare and contrast the interpretive dangers (e.g., ecological fallacy, Modifiable Areal Unit Problem) that are inherent to different types of maps or visualizations and their underlying geographic data
Identify several uses for which a particular map is or is not effective
Identify the particular design choices that make a map more or less effective
Evaluate the effectiveness of a map for its audience and purpose
Design a testing protocol to evaluate the usability of a simple graphical user interface
Perform a rigorous sampled field check of the accuracy of a map
Discuss the use limitations of the USGS map accuracy standards for a range of projects demanding different levels of precision (e.g., driving directions vs. excavation planning)

Define a homomorphism as a mathematical property
Evaluate existing systems to determine whether they are adequate representations
Assess the data quality needed for a new application to be successful
Recognize the advantages and disadvantages of using models to study and manage the world as opposed to experimenting in the world directly
Describe the ways in which an existing model faithfully represents reality and the ways in which it does not

Compare and contrast the meanings of related terms such as vague, fuzzy, imprecise, indefinite, indiscrete, unclear, and ambiguous
Describe the cognitive processes that tend to create vagueness
Recognize the degree to which vagueness depends on scale
Evaluate vagueness in the locations, time, attributes, and other aspects of geographic phenomena
Differentiate between the following concepts: vagueness and ambiguity, well defined and poorly defined objects and fields, and discord and non-specificity
Identify the hedges used in language to convey vagueness
Evaluate the role that system complexity, dynamic processes, and subjectivity play in the creation of vague phenomena and concepts
Differentiate applications in which vagueness is an acceptable trait from those in which it is unacceptable

Distinguish between operational, organizational, and societal activities that rely upon geospatial information
Describe the potential benefits of geospatial information in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and equity
Explain how cost-benefit analyses can be manipulated
Compare and contrast the evaluation of benefits at different scales (e.g., national, regional/state, local)
Identify practical problems in defining and measuring the value of geospatial information in land or other business decisions

Describe the source data, instrumentation, and workflow involved in extracting vector data (features and elevations) from analog and digital stereoimagery
Discuss future prospects for automated feature extraction from aerial imagery
Discuss the extent to which vector data extraction from aerial stereoimagery has been automated

List the data required to explore a specified problem
Discuss the extent, classification, and currency of government data sources and their influence on mapping
List the data required to compile a map that conveys a specified message
Discuss the issue of conflation of data from different sources or for different uses as it relates to mapping
Describe a situation in which it would be acceptable to use smaller-scale data sources for compilation to compile a larger scale map
Describe the copyright issues involved in various cartographic source materials
Explain how data acquired from primary sources, such as satellite imagery and GPS, differ from data compiled from maps, such as DLGs
Explain how digital data compiled from map sources influences how subsidiary maps are compiled and used
Explain how geographic names databases (i.e., gazetteer) are used for mapping
Explain how the inherent properties of digital data, such as Digital Elevation Models, influence how maps can be compiled from them
Identify the types of attributes that will be required to map a particular distribution for selected geographic features
Determine the standard scale of compilation of government data sources
Assess the data quality of a source dataset for appropriateness for a given mapping task, including an evaluation of the data resolution, extent, currency or date of compilation, and level of generalization in the attribute classification
Compile a map using at least three data sources

Explain how the vector/raster/vector conversion process of graphic images and algorithms takes place and how the results are achieved
Create estimated tessellated data sets from point samples or isolines using interpolation operations that are appropriate to the specific situation
Illustrate the impact of vector/raster/vector conversions on the quality of a dataset
Convert vector data to raster format and back using GIS software

Explain how a vertical datum is established
Differentiate between NAVD 29 and NAVD 88
Illustrate the difference between a vertical datum and a geoid
Illustrate the relationship among the concepts ellipsoidal (or geodetic) height, geoidal height, and orthometric elevation
Outline the historical development of vertical datums

Discuss the nature and use of virtual environments, such as Google Earth
Explain how various data formats and software and hardware environments support immersive visualization
Compare and contrast the relative advantages of different immersive display systems used for cartographic visualization (e.g., CAVEs, GeoWalls)
Evaluate the extent to which a GeoWall or CAVE does or does not enhance understanding of spatial data
Explain how the virtual and immersive environments become increasingly more complex as we move from the relatively non-immersive VRML desktop environment to a stereoscopic display (e.g., a GeoWall) to a more fully immersive CAVE

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