2018 QUARTER 02

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W

Describe how the adding time-series data reveals or does not reveal patterns not evident in a cross-sectional data
Describe how an animated map reveals patterns not evident without animation
Demonstrate how Bertin’s “graphic variables” can be extended to include animation effects
Create a temporal sequence representing a dynamic geospatial process

Explain how optimization models can be used to generate models of alternate options for presentation to decision makers
Explain, using the concept of combinatorial complexity, why some location problems are very hard to solve
Compare and contrast the concepts of discrete location problems and continuous location problems
Explain the concept of solution space
Explain the principles of operations research modeling and location modeling

Devise simple ways to represent probability information in GIS
Describe the basic principles of randomness and probability
Compute descriptive statistics and geostatistics of geographic data
Interpret descriptive statistics and geostatistics of geographic data
Recognize the assumptions underlying probability and geostatistics and the situations in which they are useful analytical tools

Compare and contrast the relative merits of fuzzy sets, rough sets, and other models
Differentiate between fuzzy set membership and probabilistic set membership
Explain the problems inherent in fuzzy sets
Create appropriate membership functions to model vague phenomena

Explain how the saying “developing data is the largest single cost of implementing GIS” could be true for an organization that is already collecting data as part of its regular operations
Describe some non-fiduciary barriers to GIS implementation
Summarize what the literature suggests as means for overcoming some of the non-fiduciary barriers to GIS implementation
Outline sources of additional costs associated with development of an enterprise GIS
Outline the categories of costs that an organization should anticipate as it plans to design and implement a GIS

Distinguish among the various intellectual property rights, including copyright, patent, trademark, business methods, and other rights
Explain how databases may be protected under U.S. copyright law
Describe advantages and disadvantages of “open” alternatives to copyright protection, such as the Creative Commons
Outline the intellectual property protection clause of a contract that a local government uses to license geospatial data to a community group
Explain how maps may be protected under U.S. copyright law
Differentiate geospatial information from other works protected under copyright law

Describe particular geographic phenomena in terms of their place in mereonomic hierarchies (parts and composites)
Explain the contributions of formal mathematical methods such as graph theory to the study and application of geographic structures
Represent structural relationships in GIS data
Explain the effects of spatial or temporal scale on the perception of structure
Explain the modeling of structural relationships in standard GIS data models, such as stored topology
Identify phenomena that are best understood as networks

Define “metadata” in the context of the geospatial data set
Use a metadata utility to create a geospatial metadata document for a digital database you created
Formulate metadata for a graphic output that would be distributed to the general public
Formulate metadata for a geostatistical analysis that would be released to an experienced audience
Compose data integrity statements for a geostatistical or spatial analysis to be included in graphic output
Identify software tools available to support metadata creation
Interpret the elements of an existing metadata document
Explain why metadata production should be integrated into the data production and database development workflows, rather than treated as an ancillary activity
Outline the elements of the U.S. geospatial metadata standard
Explain the ways in which metadata increases the value of geospatial data

Describe a scenario in which possible errors in a map may impact subsequent decision making, such as a land use decision based on a soils map
Evaluate the uncertainty inherent in a map
Compare the decisions made using a map with a reliability overlay from those made using a map pair separating data and reliability, both drawn from the same dataset
Critique the assumption that maps can or should be “accurate”

Define common theories on what is “real,” such as realism, idealism, relativism, and experiential realism
Compare and contrast the ability of different theories to explain various situations
Recognize the commonalities of philosophical viewpoints and appreciate differences to enable work with diverse colleagues
Evaluate the influences of particular worldviews (including one’s own) on GIS practices
Justify the metaphysical theories with which you agree
Identify the ontological assumptions underlying the work of colleagues

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