2016 QUARTER 03

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W

Identify the three fundamental dimensionalities used to represent points, lines, and areas
Describe the data models used to encode coordinates as points, lines, or polygons
Critique the assumptions that are made in representing the world as points, lines, and polygons
Evaluate the correspondence between geographic phenomena and the shapes used to represent them

Compare and contrast the assumptions and performance of parametric and non-parametric approaches to multivariate data classification
Describe three algorithms that are commonly used to conduct geospatial data classification
Explain the effect of including geospatial contiguity as an explicit neighborhood classification criterion
Compare and contrast the results of the neural approach to those obtained using more traditional Gaussian maximum likelihood classification (available in most remote sensing systems)

Discuss the status of professional and academic certification in GIS&T
Identify the standard occupational codes that are relevant to GIS&T
Identify the qualifications needed for a particular GIS&T position
Discuss how a code of ethics might be applied within an organization
Explain why it has been difficult for many agencies and organizations to define positions and roles for GIS&T professionals
Describe the differences between licensing, certification, and accreditation in relation to GIS&T positions and qualifications

Describe issues that may hinder implementation and continued successful operation of a GIS if effective methods of staff development are not included in the process
Outline methods (programs or processes) that provide effective staff development opportunities for GIS&T

Compare and contrast training methods utilized in a non-profit to those employed in a local government agency
Discuss the National Research Council report on Learning to Think Spatially (2005) as it relates to spatial thinking skills needed by the GIS&T workforce
Find or create training resources appropriate for GIS&T workforce in a local government organization
Identify the particular skills necessary for users to perform tasks in three different workforce domains (e.g., small city, medium county agency, a business, or others)
Illustrate methods that are effective in providing opportunities for education and training when implementing a GIS in a small city
Teach necessary skills for users to successfully perform tasks in an enterprise GIS
Discuss different formats (tutorials, in house, online, instructor lead) for training and how they can be used by organizations

Describe the effect of the assumption of stationarity on global measures of spatial association
Justify, compute, and test the significance of the join count statistic for a pattern of objects
Compute the K function
Explain how a statistic that is based on combining all the spatial data and returning a single summary value or two can be useful in understanding broad spatial trends
Compute measures of overall dispersion and clustering of point datasets using nearest neighbor distance statistics
Compute Moran’s I and Geary’s c for patterns of attribute data measured on interval/ratio scales
Explain how the K function provides a scale-dependent measure of dispersion

Explain how GPS receivers calculate coordinate data
Discuss the relationship of GPS to the Global Satellite Navigation System
Explain “selective availability,” why it was discontinued in 2000, and what alternatives are available to the U.S. Department of Defense
Explain the relationship of the U.S. Global Positioning System with comparable systems sponsored by Russia and the European Union and the Global Navigation Satellite System
Discuss the role of GPS in location-based services (LBS)
Specify the features of a GPS receiver that is able to achieve geometric accuracies on the order of centimeters without post-processing
Explain the relevance of the concept of trilateration to both GPS positioning and control surveying
Perform differential correction of GPS data using reference data from a CORS station
List, define, and rank the sources of error associated with GPS positioning
Distinguish between horizontal and vertical accuracies when using coarse acquisition codes/standard positioning service (C-codes) and precision acquisition codes/precise positioning service (P-codes)

Demonstrate how to implement a greedy heuristic process
Identify problems for which the greedy heuristic also produces the optimal solution (e.g., Kruskal’s algorithm for minimum spanning tree, the fractional Knapsack problem)

Illustrate the existing methods for compressing gridded data (e.g., run length encoding, Lempel-Ziv, wavelets)
Explain the advantage of wavelet compression
Evaluate the relative merits of grid compression methods for storage
Differentiate between lossy and lossless compression methods

Explain how grid representations embody the field-based view
Differentiate among a lattice, a tessellation, and a grid
Explain how terrain elevation can be represented by a regular tessellation and by an irregular tessellation
Identify the national framework datasets based on a grid model

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