2017 QUARTER 01

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W

Describe real world applications where distance decay is an appropriate representation of the strength of spatial relationships (e.g., shopping behavior, property values)
Explain the rationale for using different forms of distance decay functions
Explain how a semi-variogram describes the distance decay in dependence between data values
Outline the geometry implicit in classical “gravity” models of distance decay
Plot typical forms for distance decay functions
Write typical forms for distance decay functions
Write a program to create a matrix of pair-wise distances among a set of points
Describe real world applications where distance decay would not be an appropriate representation of the strength of spatial relationships (e.g., distance education, commuting, telecommunications)

Critique the assertion that public participation GIS promotes democracy
Explain how community organizations’ use of geospatial technologies can alter existing community power relations
Explain how geospatial technologies can assist community organizations at each rung of the ladder of public participation
Explain the challenge of representing within current GIS software local knowledge that is neither easily mapped nor verified
Discuss advantages and disadvantages of six models of GIS availability, including communitybased GIS, university-community partnerships, GIS facilities in universities and public libraries, “Map rooms,” Internet map servers, and neighborhood GIS centers.
Explain why some community organizations may encounter more difficulty than others in acquiring geospatial data from public and private organizations

Differentiate among universal/deliberative, pluralist/representative, and participatory models of citizen participation in governing
Defend or refute the argument that local knowledges are contested
Explain how community organizations represent the interests of citizens, politicians, and planners
Explain and respond to the assertion that “capturing local knowledge” can be exploitative
Describe an example of “local knowledge” that is unlikely to be represented in the geospatial data maintained routinely by government agencies
Explain how legislation such as the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 provides leverage to community organizations
Describe the range of spatial scales at which community organizations operate
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of group participation and individual participation
Describe the six “rungs” of increasing participation in governmental decision-making that constitute a “ladder” of public participation

Identify some of the key federal agencies and programs that provided the impetus for the development of GIS&T
Explain how the federalization of land management in Canada led to the development of the Canadian Geographic Information System in the 1960s
Discuss the role of the U.S. Census Bureau in contributing to the development of the U.S. geospatial industry
Discuss the role of the U.S. Geological Survey in contributing to the development of the U.S. geospatial industry
Describe the mechanical and computerized technologies used by civilian and military mapping agencies between World War II and the advent of GIS
Trace the history of the relationship between the intelligence community and the geospatial industry
Compare and contrast the initiatives of various countries to move their national mapping activities to geospatial data
Describe the role of NASA and the Landsat program in promoting development of digital image processing and raster GIS systems

Describe the leading academic journals serving the GIS&T community
Select association and for-profit journals that are useful to entities managing enterprise GISs
Select and describe the leading trade journals serving the GIS&T community
Develop a bibliography of scholarly and professional articles and/or books that are relevant to a particular GIS&T project

Explain how color fastness and color consistency are ensured in map production
Compare outputs of the same map at various low and high resolutions
Differentiate among the various raster map outputs (JPEG, GIF, TIFF) and various vector formats (PDF, Adobe Illustrator Postscript)
Compare and contrast the file formats suited to presentation of maps on the Web to those suited to publication in high resolution contexts
Compare and contrast the issues that arise for map production using black-and-white and fourcolor process specifications
Outline the process for the digital production of offset press printed maps, including reference to feature and color separates, feature and map composites, and resolution
Critique typographic integrity in export formats (e.g., some file export processes break type into letters degrading searchability, font processing, and reliability of Raster Image Processing)
Prepare a map file for CMYK publication in a book
Prepare a map file for RGB presentation on a Web site
Discuss the purpose of advanced production methods (e.g., stochastic screening, hexachrome color, color management and device profiles, trapping, overprinting)

Evaluate methods used by contemporary GIS software to resample raster data on-the-fly during display
Select appropriate interpolation techniques to resample particular types of values in raster data (e.g., nominal using nearest neighbor)
Resample multiple raster data sets to a single resolution to enable overlay
Resample raster data sets (e.g., terrain, satellite imagery) to a resolution appropriate for a map of a particular scale
Discuss the consequences of increasing and decreasing resolution

Design a test of reliability of change information (e.g., the logical consistency of updates to the TIGER database)
Implement a test of reliability of change information

Explain the advantage of the relational model over earlier database structures including spreadsheets
Define the basic terms used in relational database management systems (e.g., tuple, relation, foreign key, SQL, relational join)
Discuss the efficiency and costs of normalization
Describe the entity-relationship diagram approach to data modeling
Explain how entity-relationship diagrams are translated into relational tables
Create an SQL query that extracts data from related tables
Describe the problems associated with failure to follow the first and second normal forms (including data confusion, redundancy, and retrieval difficulties)
Demonstrate how search and relational join operations provide results for a typical GIS query and other simple operations using the relational DBMS within a GIS software application

Discuss common prepositions and adjectives (in any particular language) that signify either spatial or temporal relations but are used for both kinds, such as “after” or “longer”
Describe different types of movement and change
Understand the physical notions of velocity and acceleration which are fundamentally about movement across space through time
Identify various types of geographic interactions in space and time
Compare and contrast the characteristics of spatial and temporal dimensions

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