2016 QUARTER 02

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W

Recognize the unique constraints or opportunities of the social or cultural context of a potential application
Compare and contrast the needs, constraints, and opportunities of different types of institutions, such as corporations, non-profit organizations, government agencies, and educational institutions

Describe the major geospatial software architectures available currently, including desktop GIS, server-based, Internet, and component-based custom applications
Describe non-spatial software that can be used in geospatial applications, such as databases, Web services, and programming environments
Compare and contrast the primary sources of geospatial software, including major and minor commercial vendors and open-source options
List the major functionality needed from off-the-shelf software based on a requirements report
Identify software options that meet functionality needs for a given task or enterprise
Evaluate software options that meet functionality needs for a given task or enterprise

List the data required to explore a specified problem
Discuss the extent, classification, and currency of government data sources and their influence on mapping
List the data required to compile a map that conveys a specified message
Discuss the issue of conflation of data from different sources or for different uses as it relates to mapping
Describe a situation in which it would be acceptable to use smaller-scale data sources for compilation to compile a larger scale map
Describe the copyright issues involved in various cartographic source materials
Explain how data acquired from primary sources, such as satellite imagery and GPS, differ from data compiled from maps, such as DLGs
Explain how digital data compiled from map sources influences how subsidiary maps are compiled and used
Explain how geographic names databases (i.e., gazetteer) are used for mapping
Explain how the inherent properties of digital data, such as Digital Elevation Models, influence how maps can be compiled from them
Identify the types of attributes that will be required to map a particular distribution for selected geographic features
Determine the standard scale of compilation of government data sources
Assess the data quality of a source dataset for appropriateness for a given mapping task, including an evaluation of the data resolution, extent, currency or date of compilation, and level of generalization in the attribute classification
Compile a map using at least three data sources

Differentiate between absolute and relative descriptions of location
Define the four basic dimensions or shapes used to describe spatial objects (i.e., points, lines, regions, volumes)
Discuss the contributions that different perspectives on the nature of space bring to an understanding of geographic phenomenon
Justify the discrepancies between the nature of locations in the real world and representations thereof (e.g., towns as points)
Select appropriate spatial metaphors and models of phenomena to be represented in GIS
Develop methods for representing non-cartesian models of space in GIS
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of cartesian/metric space as a basis for GIS and related technologies
Differentiate between common-sense, Cartesian/metric, relational, relativistic, phenomenological, social constructivist, and other theories of the nature of space

Identify several cluster detection techniques and discuss their limitations
Demonstrate the extension of spatial clustering to deal with clustering in space-time using the Know and Mantel tests
Perform a cluster detection analysis to detect “hot spots” in a point pattern
Discuss the characteristics of the various cluster detection techniques

Obtain data from a spatial data infrastructure for a particular application
Explain the vision, history, and status of the U.S. National Map
Explain the vision, history, and status of the U.S. National Spatial Data Infrastructure
Compare and contrast U.S. initiatives to European geographic information infrastructures
Explain the vision, history, and status of the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure

Explain how clearing houses, metadata, and standards can help facilitate spatial data sharing
Explain how privacy and commoditization of data impact decisions regarding spatial data infrastructures

Find spatial patterns in the distribution of geographic phenomena using geographic visualization and other techniques
Hypothesize the causes of a pattern in the spatial distribution of a phenomenon
Differentiate among distributions in space, time, and attribute
Identify influences of scale on the appearance of distributions
Employ techniques for visualizing, describing, and analyzing distributions in space, time, and attribute
Discuss the causal relationship between spatial processes and spatial patterns, including the possible problems in determining causality

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