2017 QUARTER 02

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W

Define different interpretations of “cost” in various routing applications
Describe networks that apply to specific applications or industries
Create a data set with network attributes and topology
Define the following terms pertaining to a network: Loops, multiple edges, the degree of a vertex, walk, trail, path, cycle, fundamental cycle

Understand how some machine learning methods might be more adept at modeling or representing such distributions
Define non-linear and non-Gaussian distributions in a geospatial data environment
Exemplify non-linear and non-Gaussian distributions in a geospatial data environment

Discuss the merits of storing geometric data in the same location as attribute data
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the object-based data model compared to the layer-based vector data model (topological or spaghetti)
Describe the architectures of various object-relational spatial data models, including spatial extensions of DBMS, proprietary object-based data models from GIS vendors, and open-source and standards-based efforts
Differentiate between the topological vector data model and spaghetti object data with topological rulebases
Write a script (in a GIS, database, or Web environment) to read and write data in an objectbased spatial database
Transfer geospatial data from an XML schema to a database
Discuss the degree to which various object-relational spatial data models approximate a true object-oriented paradigm, and whether they should

Describe the basic elements of the object-oriented paradigm, such as inheritance, encapsulation, methods, and composition
Evaluate the degree to which the object-oriented paradigm does or does not approximate cognitive structures
Explain how the principle of inheritance can be implemented using an object-oriented programming approach
Defend or refute the notion that the Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a form of object-oriented database
Explain how the properties of object orientation allows for combining and generalizing objects
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of object-oriented databases compared to relational databases, focusing on representational power, data entry, storage efficiency, and query performance
Implement a GIS database design in an off-the-shelf, object-oriented database
Differentiate between object-oriented programming and object-oriented databases

Describe a method that allows users within an organization to access data, including methods of data sharing, version control, and maintenance
Describe how spatial data and GIS&T can be integrated into a work flow process
Develop a plan for user feedback and self-evaluation procedures
Evaluate how external spatial data sources can be incorporated into the business process
Evaluate internal spatial databases for continuing adequacy
Evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of an existing enterprise GIS
Evaluate the needs for spatial data sources including currency, accuracy and access, specifically addressing issues related to financial costs, sharing arrangements, online/realtime, and transactional processes across an organization
Illustrate how a business process analysis can be used to periodically review system requirements
List improvements that may be made to the design of an existing GIS
Describe how internal spatial data sources can be handled during an implementation process

Assess the status of openness in the GIS&T field
In the role of a consultant or chief information officer, respond to a client’s or colleague’s question about the future prospects of open standards and systems in GIS&T
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of adopting open systems in the context of a local government
Differentiate “open standards,” “open source,” and “open systems”

Compare and contrast centralized, federated, and distributed models for managing information infrastructures
Describe the roles and relationships of GIS&T support staff
Exemplify how to make GIS&T relevant to top management
Describe different organizational models for coordinating GIS&T participants and stakeholders
Describe the stages of two different models of implementing a GIS within an organization

Illustrate what functions a support or service center can provide to an organization using GIS&T
Analyze how using GIS&T as an integrating technology affects different models of management
Describe how GIS&T can be used in the decision-making process in organizations dealing with natural resource management, business management, public management, or operations management
Explain how GIS&T can be an integrating technology
Differentiate an enterprise system from a department-centered GIS

Describe several classic problems to which network analysis is applied (e.g., the traveling salesman problem, the Chinese postman problem)
Explain why heuristic solutions are generally used to address the combinatorially complex nature of these problems and the difficulty of solving them optimally

Explain how outliers affect the results of analyses
Explain how the following techniques can be used to examine outliers: tabulation, histograms, box plots, correlation analysis, scatter plots, local statistics

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