2018 QUARTER 01

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W

AM-05 - Neighborhoods

Discuss the role of Voronoi polygons as the dual graph of the Delaunay triangulation
Explain how Voronoi polygons can be used to define neighborhoods around a set of points
Outline methods that can be used to establish non-overlapping neighborhoods of similarity in raster datasets
Create proximity polygons (Thiessen/Voronoi polygons) in point datasets
Write algorithms to calculate neighborhood statistics (minimum, maximum, focal flow) using a moving window in raster datasets
Explain how the range of map algebra operations (local, focal, zonal, and global) relate to the concept of neighborhoods

FC-19 - Networks defined

Define different interpretations of “cost” in various routing applications
Describe networks that apply to specific applications or industries
Create a data set with network attributes and topology
Define the following terms pertaining to a network: Loops, multiple edges, the degree of a vertex, walk, trail, path, cycle, fundamental cycle

AM-63 - Non-linearity relationships and non-Gaussian distributions

Understand how some machine learning methods might be more adept at modeling or representing such distributions
Define non-linear and non-Gaussian distributions in a geospatial data environment
Exemplify non-linear and non-Gaussian distributions in a geospatial data environment

DM-17 - Object-based spatial databases

Discuss the merits of storing geometric data in the same location as attribute data
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the object-based data model compared to the layer-based vector data model (topological or spaghetti)
Describe the architectures of various object-relational spatial data models, including spatial extensions of DBMS, proprietary object-based data models from GIS vendors, and open-source and standards-based efforts
Differentiate between the topological vector data model and spaghetti object data with topological rulebases
Write a script (in a GIS, database, or Web environment) to read and write data in an objectbased spatial database
Transfer geospatial data from an XML schema to a database
Discuss the degree to which various object-relational spatial data models approximate a true object-oriented paradigm, and whether they should

DM-04 - Object-oriented DBMS

Describe the basic elements of the object-oriented paradigm, such as inheritance, encapsulation, methods, and composition
Evaluate the degree to which the object-oriented paradigm does or does not approximate cognitive structures
Explain how the principle of inheritance can be implemented using an object-oriented programming approach
Defend or refute the notion that the Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a form of object-oriented database
Explain how the properties of object orientation allows for combining and generalizing objects
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of object-oriented databases compared to relational databases, focusing on representational power, data entry, storage efficiency, and query performance
Implement a GIS database design in an off-the-shelf, object-oriented database
Differentiate between object-oriented programming and object-oriented databases

DM-61 - Ongoing GIS revision

Describe a method that allows users within an organization to access data, including methods of data sharing, version control, and maintenance
Describe how spatial data and GIS&T can be integrated into a work flow process
Develop a plan for user feedback and self-evaluation procedures
Evaluate how external spatial data sources can be incorporated into the business process
Evaluate internal spatial databases for continuing adequacy
Evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of an existing enterprise GIS
Evaluate the needs for spatial data sources including currency, accuracy and access, specifically addressing issues related to financial costs, sharing arrangements, online/realtime, and transactional processes across an organization
Illustrate how a business process analysis can be used to periodically review system requirements
List improvements that may be made to the design of an existing GIS
Describe how internal spatial data sources can be handled during an implementation process

The philosophy of Openness and its use in diverse areas is attracting increasing attention from users, developers, businesses, governments, educators, and researchers around the world. The technological, socio-cultural, economic, legal, institutional, and philosophical issues related to its principles, applications, benefits, and barriers for its use are growing areas of research. The word “Open” is commonly used to denote adherence to the principles of Openness. Several fields are incorporating the use of Openness in their activities, some of them are of particular relevance to GIS&T (Geographic Information Science and Technology) such as: Open Data, Free and Open Source Software; and Open Standards for geospatial data, information, and technologies. This entry presents a definition of Openness, its importance in the area of GISc&T is introduced through a list of its benefits in the fields of Open Data, Open Source Software, and Open Standards. Then some of the barriers, myths, or inhibitors to Openness are presented using the case of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and FOSS for Geospatial Applications (FOSS4G).

FC-34 - Organizational models for coordinating GISs and/or program participants and stakeholders

Compare and contrast centralized, federated, and distributed models for managing information infrastructures
Describe the roles and relationships of GIS&T support staff
Exemplify how to make GIS&T relevant to top management
Describe different organizational models for coordinating GIS&T participants and stakeholders
Describe the stages of two different models of implementing a GIS within an organization

FC-33 - Organizational Models for GIS Management

Organizational structures and management practices for GIS programs are numerous and complex. This topic begins with an explanation of organizational and management concepts and context that are particularly relevant to GIS program and project management, including strategic planning and stakeholders. Specific types of organizations that typically use GIS technology are described and organizational structure types are explained. For GIS Program management, organizational placement, organizational components, and management control and policies are covered in depth. Multi-organizational GIS Programs are also discussed. Additional topics include management roles and technology trends that affect organizational structure. It concludes with a general description of GIS Project management.

AM-43 - Other classic network problems

Describe several classic problems to which network analysis is applied (e.g., the traveling salesman problem, the Chinese postman problem)
Explain why heuristic solutions are generally used to address the combinatorially complex nature of these problems and the difficulty of solving them optimally