2016 QUARTER 02

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W

Differentiate oblique and vertical aerial imagery
Describe the location and geometric characteristics of the “principal point” of an aerial image
Recognize the distortions and implications of relief displacement and radial distortion in an aerial image
Explain the phenomenon that is recorded in an aerial image
Compare and contrast digital and photographic imaging
Explain the significance of “bit depth” in aerial imaging

Explain the concepts of spatial resolution, radiometric resolution, and spectral sensitivity
Draw and explain a diagram that depicts the bands in the electromagnetic spectrum at which Earth’s atmosphere is sufficiently transparent to allow high-altitude remote sensing
Illustrate the spectral response curves for basic environmental features (e.g., vegetation, concrete, bare soil)
Describe an application that requires integration of remotely sensed data with GIS and/or GPS data
Explain the concept of “data fusion” in relation to remote sensing applications in GIS&T
Draw and explain a diagram that depicts the key bands of the electromagnetic spectrum in relation to the magnitude of electromagnetic energy emitted and/or reflected by the Sun and Earth across the spectrum

Discuss the role of Voronoi polygons as the dual graph of the Delaunay triangulation
Explain how Voronoi polygons can be used to define neighborhoods around a set of points
Outline methods that can be used to establish non-overlapping neighborhoods of similarity in raster datasets
Create proximity polygons (Thiessen/Voronoi polygons) in point datasets
Write algorithms to calculate neighborhood statistics (minimum, maximum, focal flow) using a moving window in raster datasets
Explain how the range of map algebra operations (local, focal, zonal, and global) relate to the concept of neighborhoods

Define different interpretations of “cost” in various routing applications
Describe networks that apply to specific applications or industries
Create a data set with network attributes and topology
Define the following terms pertaining to a network: Loops, multiple edges, the degree of a vertex, walk, trail, path, cycle, fundamental cycle

Appraise the relative value of neural networks or alternative inductive machine learning methods, such as decision trees or genetic classifiers, in a hypothetical or real case
Evaluate the success of neural network schemes
Implement a neural network classification scheme for a complex data set

Understand how some machine learning methods might be more adept at modeling or representing such distributions
Define non-linear and non-Gaussian distributions in a geospatial data environment
Exemplify non-linear and non-Gaussian distributions in a geospatial data environment

Discuss the merits of storing geometric data in the same location as attribute data
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the object-based data model compared to the layer-based vector data model (topological or spaghetti)
Describe the architectures of various object-relational spatial data models, including spatial extensions of DBMS, proprietary object-based data models from GIS vendors, and open-source and standards-based efforts
Differentiate between the topological vector data model and spaghetti object data with topological rulebases
Write a script (in a GIS, database, or Web environment) to read and write data in an objectbased spatial database
Transfer geospatial data from an XML schema to a database
Discuss the degree to which various object-relational spatial data models approximate a true object-oriented paradigm, and whether they should

Describe the basic elements of the object-oriented paradigm, such as inheritance, encapsulation, methods, and composition
Evaluate the degree to which the object-oriented paradigm does or does not approximate cognitive structures
Explain how the principle of inheritance can be implemented using an object-oriented programming approach
Defend or refute the notion that the Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a form of object-oriented database
Explain how the properties of object orientation allows for combining and generalizing objects
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of object-oriented databases compared to relational databases, focusing on representational power, data entry, storage efficiency, and query performance
Implement a GIS database design in an off-the-shelf, object-oriented database
Differentiate between object-oriented programming and object-oriented databases

Outline a workflow that can be used to train a new employee to update a county road centerlines database using digital aerial imagery and standard GIS editing tools

Describe a method that allows users within an organization to access data, including methods of data sharing, version control, and maintenance
Describe how spatial data and GIS&T can be integrated into a work flow process
Develop a plan for user feedback and self-evaluation procedures
Evaluate how external spatial data sources can be incorporated into the business process
Evaluate internal spatial databases for continuing adequacy
Evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of an existing enterprise GIS
Evaluate the needs for spatial data sources including currency, accuracy and access, specifically addressing issues related to financial costs, sharing arrangements, online/realtime, and transactional processes across an organization
Illustrate how a business process analysis can be used to periodically review system requirements
List improvements that may be made to the design of an existing GIS
Describe how internal spatial data sources can be handled during an implementation process

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