2016 QUARTER 03

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W

Explain how color fastness and color consistency are ensured in map production
Compare outputs of the same map at various low and high resolutions
Differentiate among the various raster map outputs (JPEG, GIF, TIFF) and various vector formats (PDF, Adobe Illustrator Postscript)
Compare and contrast the file formats suited to presentation of maps on the Web to those suited to publication in high resolution contexts
Compare and contrast the issues that arise for map production using black-and-white and fourcolor process specifications
Outline the process for the digital production of offset press printed maps, including reference to feature and color separates, feature and map composites, and resolution
Critique typographic integrity in export formats (e.g., some file export processes break type into letters degrading searchability, font processing, and reliability of Raster Image Processing)
Prepare a map file for CMYK publication in a book
Prepare a map file for RGB presentation on a Web site
Discuss the purpose of advanced production methods (e.g., stochastic screening, hexachrome color, color management and device profiles, trapping, overprinting)

Evaluate methods used by contemporary GIS software to resample raster data on-the-fly during display
Select appropriate interpolation techniques to resample particular types of values in raster data (e.g., nominal using nearest neighbor)
Resample multiple raster data sets to a single resolution to enable overlay
Resample raster data sets (e.g., terrain, satellite imagery) to a resolution appropriate for a map of a particular scale
Discuss the consequences of increasing and decreasing resolution

Identify relationships (e.g., topology) within a conceptual model that can be derived by analysis rather than being stored explicitly
Deconstruct a scientific hypothesis to identify possible strategies for testing
Identify components in the conceptual model of a particular application that will require analytical modeling rather than data modeling
Discuss the relevance of the scientific method to a particular system design problem

Design a test of reliability of change information (e.g., the logical consistency of updates to the TIGER database)
Implement a test of reliability of change information

Explain the advantage of the relational model over earlier database structures including spreadsheets
Define the basic terms used in relational database management systems (e.g., tuple, relation, foreign key, SQL, relational join)
Discuss the efficiency and costs of normalization
Describe the entity-relationship diagram approach to data modeling
Explain how entity-relationship diagrams are translated into relational tables
Create an SQL query that extracts data from related tables
Describe the problems associated with failure to follow the first and second normal forms (including data confusion, redundancy, and retrieval difficulties)
Demonstrate how search and relational join operations provide results for a typical GIS query and other simple operations using the relational DBMS within a GIS software application

Discuss common prepositions and adjectives (in any particular language) that signify either spatial or temporal relations but are used for both kinds, such as “after” or “longer”
Describe different types of movement and change
Understand the physical notions of velocity and acceleration which are fundamentally about movement across space through time
Identify various types of geographic interactions in space and time
Compare and contrast the characteristics of spatial and temporal dimensions

Describe the need for user-centered requirements analysis
Create requirements reports for individual potential applications in terms of the data, procedures, and output needed
Assess the relative importance and immediacy of potential applications
Synthesize the needs of individual users and tasks into enterprise-wide needs
Differentiate between the responsibilities of the proposed system and those that remain with the user
Illustrate how a business process analysis can be used to identify requirements during a GIS implementation
Describe how spatial data and GIS&T can be integrated into a workflow process
Evaluate how external spatial data sources can be incorporated into the business process
Develop use cases for potential applications using established techniques with potential users, such as questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, the Delphi method, and/or joint application development (JAD)
Document existing and potential tasks in terms of workflow and information flow

Illustrate and explain the distinction between resolution, precision, and accuracy
Discuss the implications of the sampling theorem (? = 0.5 d) to the concept of resolution
Differentiate among the spatial, spectral, radiometric, and temporal resolution of a remote sensing instrument
Explain how resampling affects the resolution of image data
Discuss the advantages and potential problems associated with the use of minimum mapping unit (MMU) as a measure of the level of detail in land use, land cover, and soils maps
Illustrate and explain the distinctions between spatial resolution, thematic resolution, and temporal resolution
Illustrate the impact of grid cell resolution on the information that can be portrayed
Relate the concept of grid cell resolution to the more general concept of “support” and granularity
Evaluate the implications of changing grid cell resolution on the results of analytical applications by using GIS software
Evaluate the ease of measuring resolution in different types of tessellations

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